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[GCP] Optimize BigQuery TriggerCopyJobs performance for WRITE_APPEND#38981

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[GCP] Optimize BigQuery TriggerCopyJobs performance for WRITE_APPEND#38981
stankiewicz wants to merge 6 commits into
apache:masterfrom
stankiewicz:improve_async_bq_copy_table_job

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This PR optimizes the BigQuery FILE_LOADS copy pipeline branch in the Python SDK for append-only pipelines.

When writing to multiple partitions or dynamic destinations, the pipeline loads data into temporary tables first, then runs a series of BigQuery copy jobs to merge them into the final destinations.

Previously, TriggerCopyJobs blocked the worker thread synchronously on the first copy job for every unique destination table. While blocking is critical to maintain atomicity for WRITE_TRUNCATE and WRITE_EMPTY (ensuring the table is cleared before subsequent appends begin), it is unnecessary for WRITE_APPEND.

This change updates the wait_for_job policy so it is only True when the write disposition is not WRITE_APPEND.


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Summary of Changes

Hello, I'm Gemini Code Assist1! I'm currently reviewing this pull request and will post my feedback shortly. In the meantime, here's a summary to help you and other reviewers quickly get up to speed!

This pull request improves the performance of the BigQuery FILE_LOADS pipeline in the Python SDK. By allowing asynchronous execution of copy jobs for append-only write operations, the pipeline avoids blocking worker threads unnecessarily, which was previously causing performance bottlenecks when handling multiple partitions or dynamic destinations.

Highlights

  • Performance Optimization: Updated the BigQuery copy job execution logic to remove unnecessary synchronous blocking for WRITE_APPEND operations.
  • Conditional Wait Policy: Modified the wait_for_job policy to only enforce synchronous waiting when the write disposition is not set to WRITE_APPEND, improving throughput for append-only pipelines.
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Code Review

This pull request modifies bigquery_file_loads.py to conditionally set wait_for_job based on whether the write disposition is not 'WRITE_APPEND'. The reviewer suggests using the BigQueryDisposition.WRITE_APPEND constant instead of a hardcoded string literal to maintain consistency and improve code quality.

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Comment thread sdks/python/apache_beam/io/gcp/bigquery_file_loads.py Outdated
stankiewicz and others added 5 commits June 16, 2026 12:08
Co-authored-by: gemini-code-assist[bot] <176961590+gemini-code-assist[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>
    Updates BigQuery file loads in Python SDK to use multi-source copy jobs
    when copying temporary tables to the final destination table.

    * Update BigQueryWrapper._insert_copy_job to support a list of source
      tables, utilizing BigQuery's multi-source copy capability.
    * Update TriggerCopyJobs to process temporary tables in batch, splitting
      them into chunks of 1,200 (BigQuery limit) and triggering
      multi-source copy jobs.
    * Implement inline wait for the first chunk in TriggerCopyJobs when
      write disposition is WRITE_TRUNCATE or WRITE_EMPTY and there are
      multiple chunks. This ensures the destination table is initialized
      by the first job before subsequent chunks append to it.
    * Fix grouping key in _load_data for WRITE_TRUNCATE/WRITE_EMPTY to use
      the full hashable destination instead of just tableId, preventing
      incorrect grouping of tables with the same name in different datasets.
    * Fix TriggerLoadJobs to use bq_wrapper with mock client in tests,
      resolving credential refresh warnings.
    * Fix PartitionFiles to avoid yielding empty partitions when a file
      exceeds limits.

    TAG=agy
    CONV=126370d2-f42e-4132-a237-16bd5ccf72a3
…le loads

* Restore bq_io_metadata initialization fallback in TriggerCopyJobs.process.
* Revert unrelated BigQueryWrapper change in TriggerLoadJobs to avoid credential warnings in tests.
* Revert unconditional grouping for WRITE_APPEND to preserve graph structure.

TAG=agy
CONV=126370d2-f42e-4132-a237-16bd5ccf72a3
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